1. Spillover Effect in Marine Protected Areas
2. Plan for China
- Poverty reduction combined with
3. Natural selection: Aquaculture and biologically engineered fish
- Engineer fish that consume fish more efficiently, can't defend themselves
- Don't use engineered fish
3a. How will engineered fish who can't defend themselves work?
4. Flag hopping?
- Threat to international fishing and not domestic
5. International water regulations? How does that effect
6. What is the earth's carrying capacity for humans? What's the earth's response to that?
- Carrying capacity is correlated to consumption
7. How have the powerful countries in the world reacted to UN treaties that restrict economic growth (biological weapons and Kyoto protocols)?
- Education is part of the plan--encourage people to follow our plan because it's the best thing for everyone
8. How do you regulate man-powered fishing (people who aren't using advanced technology)?
- Lower licensing fees for those who use less efficient fishing (hand fishing, man-powered boats, etc.)
- Don't subsidize the creation of more sophisticated fishing technology
8a. Do you regulate hand-line fishing?
- No, because it isn't harming the ecosystem
9. How would you implement fish consumption?
- Fair trade fish (sustainably acquired fish)
- Ad campaigns: how you can get benefits from fish elsewhere
10. Pollution and disease in aquaculture?
- Disease can be prevented by constant monitoring
- Keep fresh water moving through cage system
11. Worldwide education about fish conservation?
12. How do
- Present this as an international collection of scholars
13. Why should I care about fish if I don't eat fish?
- Fish are used to make products
- The ocean is itself a huge resource
- Ecosystem can crash
- Fisheries are integral part of the economy
14. How does warming water effect fish biology?
- Peru and Chile: Industry suffers from el Nino
- Temp. changes chemical composition of water
14a. What fish species suffer the most and how do they suffer?
- Salmon need a lot of oxygen in the water which is effected by temp
15. How does the change from fresh water to salt water effect fish?
- Salinity: more predators, spawning is effected
16. Africa: Case studies/plans
- Kenya: Marine protected areas, improves biodiversity
- Tanzania: collaborative scheme, improves fishery stocks
17. Where does multitrophic aquaculture come into plan?
- predator vs. prey fish
- grow crops together increases health
- sea sponge in China: improves water quality
- waste management: algae breaks down waste, which feeds small plankton, etc., which feed fish wich feed people
18. What is the plan for Japan: huge historic fishing culture, developed, large consumption, large fishing fleet, small land area, aquaculture in practice, fish international waters?
19. How does plan address natural disasters?
- healthy, robust fish population is part of the goal
- marine protected areas are "insurance policy" against future change
- network of protected areas w/ different habitats
19a. Collapse of salmon population in Alaska? What then? Do you replace them or allow nature to take natural course?
- stop overfishing and pollution
- our plan is focused on reducing human impact, not nature's impact
20. Were on the verge of fundamentally changing the oceans as we know them? Needs big changes
- compliance of humans is main issue
- we may not be able to fully reverse problem, but we can even it off
- education is tantamount
21. Fishing in both fresh and salt water--have humans interfered with those fish?
- Dams are major obstructions to migratory capabilities
- estuaries: nitrogen runoff from agriculture is a problem
- adapt ag techniques to minimize N runoff
- genetically modified crops can minimize the amount of N needed
22. How much does the plan cost? Where is the money coming from?
23. Do you have specific models for scenarios?
Recommendations
- Look at structure of the class
- Use hard facts--you need to know the evidence
- Look at past solutions--why haven't they worked? what's new about our idea?
- Use a global perspective--we will get questions on specific countries
- Africa
- China
- Japan
- Show that the plan could work, not that it must work